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The incident of Tahreem (prohibition) is referred to in this Surah. There are differing narrations about the cause of revelation, but it seems the most authentic narrations allude to the incident surrounding the Prophet ﷺ prohibiting honey for himself.
This Surah is really important because it talks about some serious matters involving the Prophet's ﷺ wives. First, it emphasises that only God has the authority to decide what's right or wrong. Even the Prophet ﷺ can only declare something lawful or unlawful if he gets a message from God, either openly in the Quran or secretly through inspiration. Second, it highlights how careful the Prophet ﷺ had to be in his actions. Even small mistakes by him mattered a lot, and God ensured any slip-ups were corrected immediately, so that the Islamic laws stayed pure. Third, it shows that if the Prophet ﷺ or his wives made errors, they were openly corrected. This was to prevent people from idolising them too much, reminding everyone that they were human and capable of mistakes. Fourth, it clarifies that God's religion is always fair. It doesn't matter who you're related to or connected with, what matters is your own faith and actions. This Surah gives examples of women who, despite being connected to powerful or wicked men, made their own choices and faced the consequences accordingly. Fifth, it teaches us that the Prophet ﷺ received information from God beyond what's in the Quran. For instance, the Surah mentions a situation where the Prophet's ﷺ wife shared a secret, and God let the Prophet ﷺ know about it, showing that God is All-Knowing.