Surah
Juz
Upon examination of its contents, it becomes evident that the Surah was revealed during a period similar to that of Surah 6: Al-An'am (The Grazing Livestock), specifically in the final year of the Prophet's ﷺ life in Makkah. However, it remains uncertain which of the two Surahs was revealed first. The nature of its admonition strongly suggests its association with the same timeframe.
The primary focus of this Surah is the "invitation to the Divine Message revealed to Muhammad [ﷺ]," conveyed in a warning. The Prophet ﷺ had extensively admonished the people of Makkah, yet they remained unresponsive, displaying stubbornness and antagonism. As part of the Divine Plan, the Prophet ﷺ was about to receive the command to leave them and turn to other people. Thus, the Surah admonishes them to accept the Message while strongly warning them about the consequences that befell past communities that rejected their Messengers. With the Prophet's ﷺ imminent migration from Makkah, the latter part of the address is directed toward The People of the Book (Jews and Christians), anticipating his upcoming interactions with them. This signifies that the time of migration is approaching, and the "invitation" is expanding to encompass humanity in general rather than being confined to his own people. In addressing the Jews, the Surah clearly outlines the repercussions of their hypocritical behaviour toward Prophethood. Despite professing belief in the Prophet Moses, they opposed his teachings, disobeyed him, and worshipped falsehood, resulting in humiliation and disgrace. The conclusion of the Surah provides instructions to the Prophet ﷺ and his followers regarding the propagation of Islam with wisdom. A crucial piece of advice is to demonstrate patience and exercise restraint in response to the provocations of their opponents. Above all, they are advised to avoid taking any misguided steps that may harm their cause in the heat of emotional excitement.
