Surah
Juz
The two parts of this Surah were revealed at different times. The first part (verses 1-19) is unanimously agreed to be revealed in Makkah, evident from its subject matter and supported by hadith. It likely came early in the Prophet's ﷺ mission, as he is instructed to pray at night and recite the Quran for a portion of it, indicating the early stages of revelation. The Prophet ﷺ is also encouraged to endure the opposition he faces. The second part (verse 20) is thought by some commentators to be revealed in Madinah due to its subject matter, which includes instructions about fighting in the way of God and paying Zakat, practices associated with the later Madinan period.
The first section of this Surah focuses on preparing the Prophet ﷺ for his mission. He is instructed to pray at night, dedicating himself to God and enduring opposition with patience. The people of Makkah are warned of the consequences of rejecting the Prophet's ﷺ message, drawing parallels with the fate of Pharaoh. The second section, revealed later, adjusts the command about nightly prayers, emphasising the importance of the five daily prayers and fulfilling financial obligations like Zakat. Muslims are encouraged to do good deeds, as they will be rewarded greatly in the afterlife.
