Surah
Juz
The content suggests that this Surah likely originated during the middle or later part of the middle Makkan period. The writing style emphasises the intense hostility and the challenging, disheartening situations confronted by the Prophet ﷺ and his companions.
The warning in this Surah is directed towards the disbelievers of Makkah who mock and scorn God’s message of Monotheism (Tawhid) and the Hereafter, while also rejecting the Prophet ﷺ. They are plainly cautioned that, despite their power and wealth, the Prophet ﷺ they ridicule will eventually overcome them, and the army of God will encamp in their very courtyards (v. 171-179). This warning came at a time when the Prophet's ﷺ mission seemed destined for failure. The Muslims, referred to as God’s army, were facing severe persecution, with a majority of their population having already emigrated. In Makkah, only a small group of about 40 to 50 Companions remained with the Prophet ﷺ, enduring relentless persecution. Despite these challenges, within a span of 15 to 16 years, the conquest of Makkah unfolded, precisely as forewarned to the disbelievers. In addition to warnings, this Surah presents inducements and instructions in a balanced manner. It offers concise yet impactful arguments supporting the doctrines of Monotheism and the Hereafter. The polytheists' beliefs are criticised, highlighting the absurdity of their faith and the detrimental consequences of their deviations. This is contrasted with the positive outcomes of faith and righteous acts. One instructive historical narrative in this Surah revolves around Prophet Abraham's crucial life event when he was willing to sacrifice his only son following inspiration from God. This served as a lesson for both the proud Quraysh, who claimed blood ties to Abraham, and the Muslims. The narrative illustrates the true spirit of Islam, emphasising how a sincere believer should be prepared to sacrifice everything for the pleasure of God. The verses also provide glad tidings to the Muslims, encouraging them not to be disheartened by difficulties, as they would eventually gain power over the prevailing falsehood. In a few years, events unfolded, affirming that this promise was not empty but an inevitable reality foretold to strengthen their resolve.
