Surah
Juz
Surah Al-Ma'idah is believed to have been revealed after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, around 6 or 7 A.H. It reflects the evolving status of Islam from a creed to a state, following significant victories and expansions. The introductory verses discuss the pilgrimage to Makkah, aligning with the context of negotiations and agreements. The Muslim community had grown in strength and influence, extending its reach across various regions. Despite the initial setbacks, like the Battle of Uhud, Muslims remained steadfast, subduing surrounding clans and eliminating conspiracies from Jewish tribes. The Battle of the Ditch further solidified Islam's resilience. The treaty provided a period of peace, allowing Muslims to focus on spreading their message. The Muslim state flourished under Islamic principles, shaping every aspect of life within its boundaries. Mosques were established, Islamic laws were enforced, and distinct cultural practices emerged. The treaty's outcome, perceived as adverse, actually facilitated the propagation of Islam. The Prophet ﷺ sent letters to leaders and missionaries spread the message to tribes and clans. This was the backdrop against which Surah Al-Ma'idah was revealed.
Surah Al-Ma'idah reflects the final phase of the Daʿwah during the Madinan period, following the Conquest of Makkah. It centers on two main themes: the final laws of Islam and principles of daʿwah to the People of the Book and other nations. The Surah meticulously outlines Islamic laws, covering dietary, marriage, pilgrimage, criminal, and spiritual aspects. It stresses commitment to Islamic law and obedience to Allah. Post-Hudaibiyah, it emphasizes peaceful coexistence and respect for sacred sites. The Surah recounts the Conquest of Makkah, urging steadfastness in justice and caution against injustice fueled by hatred. It delves into the story of Jesus and Cain and Abel, emphasizing tawḥid and avoiding corruption and oppression. Admonitions are issued to Muslims against the corrupting influence of power, with warnings to Jews and Christians to follow the Right Way. Muslims are reminded to adhere strictly to Quranic commandments, avoiding hypocrisy. Overall, the Surah emphasizes fulfilling obligations, vigilance against the pitfalls of power, and reflection on the shortcomings of predecessors.
