Surah
Juz
The historical background you've provided offers a comprehensive view of the challenges faced by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and the Muslim community during the period leading up to the revelation of Surah Al-Ahzab. The series of events, including the Battle of the Trench, the raid on Banu Qurayza, and the Prophet's marriage with Zaynab, all contribute to understanding the context in which this Surah was revealed. Surah Al-Ahzab addresses several key themes that resonate with the historical events outlined. It emphasizes the importance of unity and solidarity among the believers in the face of external threats. The Battle of the Trench, with its massive coalition of enemies surrounding Medina, exemplifies the need for unity and cooperation among the Muslims to defend their community and faith. The Surah also addresses the issue of treachery and betrayal, as seen in the actions of Banu Qurayza, who violated their treaty with the Muslims during the Battle of the Trench. This betrayal serves as a warning against alliances with those who cannot be trusted and highlights the importance of loyalty and integrity in dealings with others. Additionally, the Surah touches upon the Prophet's ﷺ marriage with Zaynab, which was met with criticism and opposition from some members of society. The Quranic revelation regarding this marriage not only addresses specific legal and social issues but also underscores the authority of divine commandments over cultural norms and traditions. Overall, Surah Al-Ahzab addresses the challenges and trials faced by the early Muslim community and provides guidance and reassurance in navigating these difficulties. Its timeless teachings continue to resonate with believers today, reminding them of the importance of faith, unity, and adherence to divine guidance in overcoming adversity. Storm of Propaganda at the Marriage of Zaynab After the marriage was solemnized, a storm of propaganda erupted against the Prophetﷺ. Polytheists, hypocrites, and Jews, driven by jealousy, aimed to undermine his moral superiority, a key factor in his triumphs. False stories were fabricated, suggesting that the Prophetﷺ had fallen in love with his daughter-in-law, Zaynab. The concocted tale claimed that when Zayd, the son, discovered this, he divorced his wife, and the Prophetﷺ then married his daughter-in-law. Despite the absurdity of the claims and the historical context, the enemies propagated them vehemently, even influencing some Muslims. Preliminary Commandments of the Veil The emergence of such tales, even among Muslims, indicated a societal problem of excessive sensuality. To address this issue, initial commandments regarding the law of covering (Hijab) were introduced in this Surah. This marked the beginning of reforms, further developed a year later in Surah 24: an-Nūr (The Light). These reforms aimed to establish decency and protect the Prophet's ﷺ household from unwarranted gossip. Domestic Affairs of the Prophet Two pressing problems within the Prophet'sﷺ domestic life demanded attention. Economically constrained, especially during the first four years, the Prophetﷺ had minimal income, causing difficulties for his family. Despite a portion of Banu-Nadheer's lands being allocated for his use, it wasn't sufficient. Additionally, the demanding responsibilities of Prophethood left no room for him to earn a livelihood. The second issue arose when he had four wives before marrying Zaynab. Critics questioned why the Prophetﷺ, unlike others, took a fifth wife. God intervened, officially addressing these matters to ensure the Prophet'sﷺ mental peace amid his relentless efforts for God's cause.
The Surah Al-Ahzab addresses questions that were on the minds of the Prophet ﷺ and the Muslims when it was revealed. It's not a single discourse but a collection of injunctions, commandments, and discourses sent down in response to key events. - Verses 1-8: These likely predate the Battle of the Trench and address the Prophet's ﷺ considerations regarding adopting sons. The need to eradicate customs of ignorance and the potential repercussions of marrying Zayd's divorced wife were the focus. - Verses 9-27: Reflect on the Battle of the Trench and the raid against Banu Quraythah. Indicating these verses came after these events. - Verses 28-35: God gives notice to the Prophet's ﷺ wives, addressing impatience and worldly desires. The beginning of social reforms is initiated, emphasising the need for dignified conduct and the introduction of the Commandments of the Veil (Hijab). - Verses 36-48: Focus on the Prophet's ﷺ marriage with Zainab, answering objections, removing doubts, and clarifying the Prophet's ﷺ position. - Verse 49: Introduces a clause of the law of divorce, possibly connected to the events. - Verses 50-52: A special regulation for the Prophet ﷺ in marriage, highlighting exceptions for him. - Verses 53-55: Social reform continues with injunctions regarding visits to the Prophet's ﷺ wives, emphasising Islamic etiquette. - Verses 56-57: Warns against criticising the Prophet's ﷺ marriage and domestic life, encouraging believers to invoke blessings and avoid false accusations. - Verse 59: The third step in social reform instructs Muslim women to come out well covered for genuine needs. - The Surah concludes by rebuking hypocrites and those spreading propaganda against Islam and the Muslims.
