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The content and tone of this chapter indicate it was revealed before the period of severe persecution began. At this time, the Prophet ﷺ faced resistance, denial, ridicule, and false accusations, but physical harm hadn't escalated yet. Therefore, it likely corresponds to the period when Surah 50: Qaf was also revealed.
This chapter mainly talks about life after death, and it ends with an invitation to believe in one God. It warns people that rejecting the messages of the Prophets and sticking to old beliefs has been harmful in the past. Regarding life after death, the chapter explains that people have different beliefs, but none are based on solid knowledge. Some believe there's no afterlife, others in reincarnation, and some in rewards and punishments but try to avoid consequences. Making assumptions about such an important topic without knowledge is foolish and leads to a wasted life and future. The right way to understand this is to carefully consider what the Prophet ﷺ teaches about the afterlife and observe nature and life around us for evidence. The chapter provides examples from nature and history to support the idea of consequences after death. It also mentions that whenever Prophets are opposed, it's not based on reason but on stubbornness and pride. The Prophet ﷺ is advised to continue his mission despite opposition because it benefits believers even if others reject it. Those who persist in rebellion will face punishment like those before them.