Surah
Juz
This Surah consists of various discourses revealed on different occasions, likely spanning from the end of year 3 A.H. to the end of 4 A.H. or the beginning of 5 A.H. While exact dates of revelation are challenging to determine, the content and events mentioned provide clues. For example, the inheritance law for martyrs and protection for orphans' rights were revealed after the Battle of Uhud, where 70 Muslims were martyred. We can infer that verses 1-28 were revealed during this event.
This surah shifts focus from individual guidance to strengthening familial and societal bonds, addressing challenges faced by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. It emphasizes fostering comprehensive growth within the Muslim community, combating opposition from various groups, and propagating Islam. Building on previous guidance, it provides detailed instructions for family life, resolving disputes, marriage, women's rights, orphan care, inheritance, and economic reforms. It establishes a penal code, prohibits drinking, and emphasizes cleanliness. The Surah critiques the moral and religious conditions of the People of the Book and addresses hypocrites' behavior, offering inspiration for facing challenges. It deals with issues like the Banu Nadir's treaty violations and advises Muslims on dealing with non-belligerent clans. While prioritizing moral and social reforms, the Surah also highlights the superiority of Islamic morality and culture, inviting others to embrace the path of truth.
