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1400 years ago, the concept of spacetime and its relationship with mass was completely unknown. However, in modern physics, we understand that mass curves spacetime, influencing the movement of objects in the universe. This principle was beautifully foreshadowed in the Quran, long before its discovery by scientists.
In General Relativity, Albert Einstein described how mass and energy tell spacetime how to curve, and in turn, spacetime tells objects how to move. This is famously summarized by the equation: "Spacetime tells matter how to move; matter tells spacetime how to curve." — John Wheeler & Kenneth Ford, Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam (2000), p. 235 A physical manifestation of this phenomenon can be observed in the stars. When Muslims prostrate during prayer, they lower themselves so that their faces are parallel to the ground. But in the case of stars, it's as if the ground is curving upward to align with the stars' faces. This occurs because the mass of the star causes the fabric of spacetime to curve in such a way that the stars' surfaces align with the curvature.
Remarkably, the Quran contains verses that allude to this scientific truth, referring to the way stars and other celestial bodies prostrate to Allah. In Quran 55:6, it says:
The stars and the trees bow down ˹in submission˺.55:6
In light of modern physics, this verse can be interpreted as describing how stars "prostrate" due to the curvature of spacetime around them. Just as objects on Earth are affected by gravity, causing them to follow curved paths in spacetime, stars, which have immense mass, also cause spacetime to curve around them, effectively "prostrating" in relation to their mass. This concept is fundamental in understanding the behavior of objects in space, as mass and energy determine the shape and structure of spacetime.
The concept of mass curving spacetime wasn't discovered until the early 20th century with Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. Yet, this very idea is expressed in the Quran, which describes the prostration of stars and trees—acknowledging their alignment within a framework of divine control over the cosmos. Whilst these verses might not necessarily reference the scientific findings mentioned here, they showcase how, even the most hard to imagine realities explained by the Quran, can be shown to be permissible with modern scientific discoveries.