The claim that the Quran alludes to the hydrogen composition of the Sun, 1400 years before modern science, is based on an interpretation of the Arabic language and the structure of a particular chapter in the Quran, Surah Ash-Shams (Chapter 91).

Today, science tells us that the Sun is predominantly made up of hydrogen (about 74.9%) and helium (about 23.8%), with heavier elements like oxygen and carbon making up less than 2% of its mass. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the Sun, as it fuels the nuclear fusion process that powers the star. In chemistry and physics, hydrogen is represented by the symbol "H" on the periodic table. In Arabic, the letter "هـ" represents the sound "H."

Surah Ash-Shams, which is translated as "The Sun," is said to contain a fascinating pattern that some interpret as pointing to hydrogen. This chapter is unique in that all of its verses end with the Arabic letter "هـ" (the Arabic symbol for the "H" sound), mirroring the symbol for hydrogen (H) in the periodic table. The argument made by some is that this is a subtle but significant connection to the Sun's primary component, hydrogen, which could not have been known to humans 1400 years ago.