Embarrassed and shocked after Pharaoh's plan had backfired, his ministers began provoking him, telling him to severely harm Moses and those who believed in him. We are told about two ministers of Pharaoh in the Quran - Haman who was a minister of architecture and Korah was an Israeli who converted to Pharaoh's religion and gained a lot of wealth working for the evil regime.

Indeed, We sent Moses with Our signs and compelling proof40:23

to Pharaoh, Hamân, and Korah. But they responded: “Magician! Total liar!”40:24

Then, when he came to them with the truth from Us, they said, “Kill the sons of those who believe with him and keep their women.” But the plotting of the disbelievers was only in vain.40:25

And Pharaoh said, “Let me kill Moses, and let him call upon his Lord! I truly fear that he may change your traditions or cause mischief in the land.”40:26

Moses replied, “I seek refuge in my Lord and your Lord from every arrogant person who does not believe in the Day of Reckoning.”40:27

Nevertheless, Moses told his people to put their trust in Allah.

Moses said, “O my people! If you do believe in Allah and submit ˹to His Will˺, then put your trust in Him.”10:84

They replied, “In Allah we trust. Our Lord! Do not subject us to the persecution of the oppressive people,10:85

and deliver us by Your mercy from the disbelieving people.”10:86

But his people complained that before he came they were oppressed and they are still oppressed by Pharaoh and the Egyptians.

Moses reassured his people, “Seek Allah’s help and be patient. Indeed, the earth belongs to Allah ˹alone˺. He grants it to whoever He chooses of His servants. The ultimate outcome belongs ˹only˺ to the righteous.”7:128

They complained, “We have always been oppressed—before and after you came to us ˹with the message˺.” He replied, “Perhaps your Lord will destroy your enemy and make you successors in the land to see what you will do.”7:129

So once-more, they went on a mass killing spree, killing Israelis to weaken and humiliate them so they would remain as their slaves - powerless and oppressed.

Despite this, we are told about a believer from amongst the Egyptians - Pharaoh's cousin. When Pharaoh decided with his ministers to kill Moses, he reasoned with him against this. We are told elsewhere that standing up for justice and truth is a praiseworthy act from ahadith (such as Abu Dawud 4344, At-Tirmidhi 2174, Ibn Majah 4011).

A believing man from Pharaoh’s people, who was hiding his faith, argued, “Will you kill a man ˹only˺ for saying: ‘My Lord is Allah,’ while he has in fact come to you with clear proofs from your Lord? If he is a liar, it will be to his own loss. But if he is truthful, then you will be afflicted with some of what he is threatening you with. Surely Allah does not guide whoever is a transgressor, a total liar.40:28

O  my people! Authority belongs to you today, reigning supreme in the land. But who would help us against the torment of Allah, if it were to befall us?” Pharaoh assured ˹his people˺, “I am telling you only what I believe, and I am leading you only to the way of guidance.”40:29

And the man who believed cautioned, “O my people! I truly fear for you the doom of ˹earlier˺ enemy forces—40:30

like the fate of the people of Noah, ’Ȃd, Thamûd, and those after them. For Allah would never will to wrong ˹His˺ servants.40:31

O  my people! I truly fear for you the Day all will be crying out ˹to each other˺—40:32

the Day you will ˹try in vain to˺ turn your backs and run away, with no one to protect you from Allah. And whoever Allah leaves to stray will be left with no guide.40:33

Joseph already came to you earlier with clear proofs, yet you never ceased to doubt what he came to you with. When he died you said, ‘Allah will never send a messenger after him.’ This is how Allah leaves every transgressor and doubter to stray—40:34

those who dispute Allah’s signs with no proof given to them. How despicable is that for Allah and the believers! This is how Allah seals the heart of every arrogant tyrant.”40:35

These verses beautifully show us how the believer preached to them. He explained to them the truth in a way which was most understood by the pharoah and his people.

And the man who believed urged, “O my people! Follow me, ˹and˺ I will lead you to the Way of Guidance.40:38

O  my people! This worldly life is only ˹a fleeting˺ enjoyment, whereas the Hereafter is truly the home of settlement.40:39

Whoever does an evil deed will only be paid back with its equivalent. And whoever does good, whether male or female, and is a believer, they will enter Paradise, where they will be provided for without limit.40:40

O  my people! How is it that I invite you to salvation, while you invite me to the Fire!40:41

You invite me to disbelieve in Allah and associate with Him what I have no knowledge of, while I invite you to the Almighty, Most Forgiving.40:42

There is no doubt that whatever ˹idols˺ you invite me to ˹worship˺ are not worthy to be invoked either in this world or the Hereafter. ˹Undoubtedly,˺ our return is to Allah, and the transgressors will be the inmates of the Fire.40:43

You will remember what I say to you, and I entrust my affairs to Allah. Surely Allah is All-Seeing of all ˹His˺ servants.”40:44

So Allah protected him from the evil of their schemes. And Pharaoh’s people were overwhelmed by an evil punishment:40:45

The 'secret' believer questioned them respectfully asking if it was really necessary for them to punish the believers so harshly for just believing in God. He added that if he was lying, then he will suffer himself but, if he is telling the truth, then none of them can save themselves from the Will of God.

Nevertheless, Pharaoh did not see himself fit for reason or equity. His pride led him to claim everything as his own. Although he knew Moses was truthful, he wanted to keep his powerful grip over his people; claiming to show his people the right way was something he did not even believe himself.

Moses replied, “You know well that none has sent these ˹signs˺ down except the Lord of the heavens and the earth as insights. And I really think that you, O  Pharaoh, are doomed.”17:102

But when Our enlightening signs came to them, they said, “This is pure magic.”27:13

And, although their hearts were convinced the signs were true, they still denied them wrongfully and arrogantly. See then what was the end of the corruptors!27:14

We are told about Pharaoh's attitude in many verses.

Then Moses showed him the great sign,79:20

but he denied and disobeyed ˹Allah˺,79:21

then turned his back, striving ˹against the truth˺.79:22

Then he summoned ˹his people˺ and called out,79:23

saying, “I am your lord, the most high!”79:24

So Allah overtook him, making him an example in this life and the next.79:25

Surely in this is a lesson for whoever stands in awe of ˹Allah˺.79:26

Indeed, We sent Moses with Our signs and compelling proof11:96

to Pharaoh and his chiefs, but they followed the command of Pharaoh, and Pharaoh’s command was not well guided.11:97

He will be before his people on the Day of Judgment and will lead them into the Fire. What an evil place to be led into!11:98

They were followed by a curse in this ˹life˺ and ˹will receive another˺ on the Day of Judgment. What an evil gift to receive!11:99

We also see Pharaoh's arrogance in his command to Haman, an architectural minister, to build a tower to reach Allah.

Pharaoh ordered, “O Hamân! Build me a high tower so I may reach the pathways40:36

leading up to the heavens and look for the God of Moses, although I am sure he is a liar.” And so Pharaoh’s evil deeds were made so appealing to him that he was hindered from the ˹Right˺ Way. But the plotting of Pharaoh was only in vain.40:37

Pharaoh declared, “O chiefs! I know of no other god for you but myself. So bake bricks out of clay for me, O  Hamân, and build a high tower so I may look at the God of Moses, although I am sure he is a liar.”28:38