After Pharaoh and his army was destroyed, Allah made the Israelites inheritors of their land and wealth.

And ˹so˺ We made the oppressed people successors of the eastern and western lands, which We had showered with blessings. ˹In this way˺ the noble Word of your Lord was fulfilled for the Children of Israel for what they had endured. And We destroyed what Pharaoh and his people constructed and what they established.7:137

On their way, the Israelites came across a group who worshipped idols. Some began to believe in their insolent ways. Moses reminded them of the favours Allah had given them making them succeed over Pharaoh who enslaved them for years. He also reminded them of the oneness of Allah and that all power ultimately belongs to Him alone.

We brought the Children of Israel across the sea and they came upon a people devoted to idols. They demanded, “O Moses! Make for us a god like their gods.” He replied, “Indeed, you are a people acting ignorantly!7:138

What they follow is certainly doomed to destruction and their deeds are in vain.”7:139

He added, “Shall I seek for you a god other than Allah, while He has honoured you above the others?”7:140

And ˹remember˺ when We rescued you from the people of Pharaoh, who afflicted you with dreadful torment—killing your sons and keeping your women. That was a severe test from your Lord.7:141

And ˹remember˺ when We took a covenant from you and raised the mountain above you ˹saying˺, “Hold firmly to that ˹Scripture˺ which We have given you and observe its teachings so perhaps you will become mindful ˹of Allah˺.”2:63

In verse 63 of Surah Baqarah, Allah reminds the Children of Israel of the pledges, covenants and promises that He took from them to believe in Him alone, without a partner, and follow His Messengers. Allah stated that when He took their pledge from them, He raised the mountain above their heads, so that they affirm the pledge that they gave Allah and abide by it with sincerity and seriousness.

After Pharaoh's death, the Israelites were tested by having to perform jihad and fight the Canaanites and Hittites - two evil groups of people who lived around Jerusalem. The Israelites refused, cowardly doubting the power of Allah despite Him having destroyed Pharaoh and his people in front of them a short while ago.

And ˹remember˺ when Moses said to his people, “O my people! Remember Allah’s favours upon you when He raised prophets from among you, made you sovereign, and gave you what He had never given anyone in the world.5:20

O  my people! Enter the Holy Land which Allah has destined for you ˹to enter˺. And do not turn back or else you will become losers.”5:21

They replied, “O Moses! There is an enormously powerful people there, so we will never ˹be able to˺ enter it until they leave. If they do, then we will enter!”5:22

In particular, Allah mentions there were two God-fearing men who despite knowing once someone puts their trust in Allah they will succeed also lacked courage and trust in Allah to fight.

Two God-fearing men—who had been blessed by Allah—said, “Surprise them through the gate. If you do, you will certainly prevail. Put your trust in Allah if you are ˹truly˺ believers.”5:23

˹Yet˺ they said, “O Moses! ˹Still˺ we will never enter as long as they remain there. So go—both you and your Lord—and fight; we are staying right here!”5:24

Moses, concerned that his people were rejecting the commands of Allah, pleaded. Allah responded by punishing the Israelites with not being able to enter the land which Allah had previously promised them, once they showed their faith and fought against the evil people who occupied it. So, now they were made to wander aimlessly around that area of land, having no real place to properly stay and live. They were in a state of constant movement from place to place within the desert. This period was commanded to last 40 years and most of those who came with Musa had died and the new generation grew older..

Allah replied, “Then this land is forbidden to them for forty years, during which they will wander through the land. So do not grieve for the rebellious people.”5:26

Israelites were blessed in many ways. When they had no water or crops, as they had no land of their own, Allah blessed them with almost endless Manna which they made bread from. Everyday Allah sent down fresh Manna for them every morning. He also sent down Quails, a type of bird, to eat every night. Furthermore, when the sun was hot in summer, He would ensure clouds covered over them, despite all of this they still did not obey Allah and went with Musa when commanded them to accompany Musa and fight to enter jerusalem.

O Children of Israel! We saved you from your enemy, and made an appointment with you on the right side of Mount Ṭûr, and sent down to you manna and quails,20:80

˹saying,˺ “Eat from the good things We have provided for you, but do not transgress in them, or My wrath will befall you. And whoever My wrath befalls is certainly doomed.20:81

But I am truly Most Forgiving to whoever repents, believes, and does good, then persists on ˹true˺ guidance.”20:82

Allah's blessings also included water for them which gushed from twelve springs - one for each tribe.

And ˹remember˺ when Moses prayed for water for his people, We said, “Strike the rock with your staff.” Then twelve springs gushed out, ˹and˺ each tribe knew its drinking place. ˹We then said,˺ “Eat and drink of Allah’s provisions, and do not go about spreading corruption in the land.”2:60

Despite this, they were still ungrateful.

And ˹remember˺ when you said, “O Moses! We cannot endure the same meal ˹every day˺. So ˹just˺ call upon your Lord on our behalf, He will bring forth for us some of what the earth produces of herbs, cucumbers, garlic, lentils, and onions.” Moses scolded ˹them˺, “Do you exchange what is better for what is worse? ˹You can˺ go down to any village and you will find what you have asked for.” They were stricken with disgrace and misery, and they invited the displeasure of Allah for rejecting Allah’s signs and unjustly killing the prophets. This is ˹a fair reward˺ for their disobedience and violations.2:61