The concept that Earth's crust floats on a semi-molten layer, known as the asthenosphere, was unknown 1400 years ago. Today, modern geology confirms that the lithosphere (Earth’s rigid outer shell) "floats" on the ductile asthenosphere beneath it. The Quran, however, alludes to this scientific truth long before it was discovered.

Key Point: The Arabic word "arsaha" (أَرْسَاهَا) means "anchored," a term often used for ships that are anchored in water. This word is used metaphorically in the Quran to describe the mountains, suggesting they are "anchored" or "secured," which aligns with the concept of mountains resting on the semi-molten asthenosphere beneath the Earth's rigid outer crust.

- The asthenosphere is a layer of the Earth's upper mantle, located about 80 to 200 km below the surface. It is a semi-molten, viscous, and deforming region that allows the Earth's rigid lithosphere to "float" on top of it. This layer flows like a convection current, enabling the movement of tectonic plates, which includes mountain ranges forming and shifting over time. - The lithosphere (Earth's outer shell, which includes the crust) is broken into tectonic plates that rest on this semi-molten asthenosphere. These plates move slowly over the asthenosphere, causing earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the shifting of continents and mountain ranges.

The Quran's description of mountains being "anchored" aligns with the modern scientific understanding that the Earth's crust is not static but is "anchored" or supported by the semi-molten layer below it. This is a concept that was discovered by geologists only recently, but it was mentioned in the Quran centuries ago, raising questions about the source of such knowledge. How could an unlettered man who lived 1400 years ago have known about the asthenosphere and the floating of mountains on it?