The phenomenon of aftershocks, which are smaller quakes following a major earthquake (mainshock), is a well-established concept in modern seismology. Remarkably, the Quran appears to reference this phenomenon over 1400 years ago.

The Arabic term "Rajifah" refers to a major shaking (mainshock), while "Radifah" indicates a successive shaking or follow-up tremor (aftershock).

- Definition and Cause: Aftershocks occur when the Earth's crust adjusts to the stress changes caused by a mainshock. These secondary quakes gradually release remaining seismic energy. They are weaker than the mainshock but can still cause significant damage, particularly to already weakened structures. - Frequency and Intensity: Aftershocks occur in the same area as the mainshock, steadily decreasing in magnitude and frequency over time. For instance, the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake in Japan (magnitude 9.0) was followed by over 1,000 aftershocks. - Scientific Insight: Seismologists use well-established laws, such as Omori’s Law, to predict the rate of aftershocks following a major earthquake.

During the time of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, there was no scientific understanding of earthquakes, let alone the concept of aftershocks. The Quran’s reference to successive shakings is a scientifically accurate description of this natural phenomenon, which was only explained by modern seismology centuries later.

The Quran’s description of an earthquake followed by a successive shaking aligns with the modern understanding of mainshocks and aftershocks. This accurate depiction, conveyed in a time of limited scientific knowledge, raises profound questions about the Quran’s source.