The Quran mentions an event in Quran 82:3 that says,

Skeptics have historically criticized this verse, claiming that water naturally puts out fire, and that the concept of seas "exploding" is nonsensical. However, modern science has revealed a phenomenon that directly aligns with this description: steam explosions.

Steam explosions occur when superheated substances, like molten lava, come into contact with sea water. When molten lava or metal meets water, the water rapidly converts into steam, expanding explosively. This process, known as a littoral explosion, is dangerous due to the release of hot gases, steam, and molten material. This type of explosion is commonly seen where lava flows into the sea, such as around active volcanoes like Kilauea in Hawaii, where steam explosions have caused injuries from flying molten lava.

Scientists have studied these steam explosions, which are caused by extreme temperature differences. Water typically boils at 100°C, but when it interacts with molten lava (which can be thousands of degrees hot), the water rapidly vaporizes into steam. The rapid expansion of steam from the water can result in an explosive release of energy, potentially throwing lava and steam over large distances. This process was not widely understood or documented 1400 years ago, yet the Quran references the concept of seas "exploding," which aligns with modern knowledge of how water can behave under extreme conditions. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, an unlettered man who lived in a time when volcanic eruptions and their associated phenomena were not scientifically understood, could not have known about steam explosions. The precise nature of such explosions, which result from a combination of water and molten material, was not discovered until modern times. The mention of "exploding seas" in the Quran, therefore, stands as one of the many examples that believers point to as evidence of divine knowledge conveyed to the Prophet ﷺ.