Scientists have discovered that plants absorb water from the soil through their roots, but most of this water (97-99.5%) evaporates back into the atmosphere through a process called transpiration. Only a small fraction (less than 3%) is used inside the plant. This tiny amount is transformed into sugar through photosynthesis, where green chlorophyll converts water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen. This sugar fuels the plant's growth. Additionally, the green color of plants comes from chlorophyll, a molecule made up of elements including hydrogen and oxygen from water.

Water Becomes Plant and Scatters: - In Quran 18:45, Allah compares life to water sent from the sky, absorbed by plants, which later become "old plant" scattered by the wind. - This aligns with the scientific understanding that water contributes to the plant’s structure (sugar), and most of it evaporates (scattered by the wind). The word "Hasheem" refers to the withered remains of plants, indicating this dual process.

In Quran 22:63, Allah says that water from the sky turns the earth green. Today we know that water is essential for forming chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants, confirming the connection between water and greenness mentioned in the Quran.

These facts about water's role in photosynthesis, transpiration, and chlorophyll formation were unknown 1400 years ago. Yet, the Quran mentioned these processes in a way that matches modern science. How could an unlettered man, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, have known these details?